NU 545 Unit 2 Study Guide

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1. Review the anatomy of the brain. Which portion is responsible for keeping you awake, controlling thought, speech, emotions and behavior, maintaining balance and posture?
- Ch. 15 p. 454 Box 15-3
- Brainstem- midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons
Reticular Formation-Collection of nuclei within brainstem that maintains wakefulness and works in conjunction with the cerebral cortex and together they are known as the reticular activating system. P. 454

- 3 parts of the brain: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
- Expression of affect (emotional and behavioral states) is mediated by extensive connections with the limbic system and prefrontal cortex.

- p. 456 The prefrontal area is responsible for …show more content…

Central neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the CNS (brain or spinal cord).
Deafferentation pain syndromes are neuropathies that result from lesions in the peripheral nervous system (i.e., complex regional pain syndrome type II, postherpetic neuralgia, phantom limb pain, tumor infiltration of nerve tissue; damage from radiation, chemotherapy, brachial plexus avulsion, or surgical sectioning of a nerve) or lesions in the central nervous system that interrupt the spinothalamic pathways at any level of the nervous system (i.e., thalamic lesions or stroke).
Hemiagnosia pain is a form of central pain associated with stroke that produces paralysis and hypersensitivity/allodynia on one half of the body.
Phantom limb pain is pain that an individual feels in an amputated limb after the stump has completely healed.
Sympathetically mediated pain (SMP) is another type of neuropathic pain that can occure after peripheral nerve or extremity injury.
Complex Regional (CRPSs) type I (associated with injury but no apparent nerve injury) and type II (evidence of nerve injury).

10.Know endogenous opioids.
- (Pg 490) Endogenous opioids are a family of morphine-like neuropeptides that inhibit transmission of pain impulses in the spinal cord; brain, and